{"id":2814,"date":"2019-07-08T23:57:46","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T21:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/46.105.108.209\/~tritroco\/?page_id=2814"},"modified":"2026-05-16T16:43:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T14:43:53","slug":"enfermedad-de-newcastle-en-gallinas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/en\/enfermedades-viricas-en-gallinas\/enfermedad-de-newcastle-en-gallinas\/","title":{"rendered":"Newcastle Disease in Chickens: Symptoms and Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2814\" class=\"elementor elementor-2814\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24241587 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"24241587\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c9e8c44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c9e8c44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enfermedad de Newcastle en gallinas: s\u00edntomas y prevenci\u00f3n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01ddbfd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"01ddbfd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef5f9eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef5f9eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Enfermedades V\u00edricas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1803e4a animated-slow e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1803e4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9a67c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9a67c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c1445f animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2c1445f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Newcastle-ave-con-torticolis.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Newcastle ave con tort\u00edcolis\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU1NjIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cudHJpLXRyby5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzAyXC9OZXdjYXN0bGUtYXZlLWNvbi10b3J0aWNvbGlzLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Newcastle-ave-con-torticolis-puy63h49vtb54ddsatn60mxx4kqbo7q6zq6t3m58x6.jpg\" title=\"Newcastle ave con tort\u00edcolis\" alt=\"Newcastle ave con tort\u00edcolis\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e493780 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e493780\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333300;\">Newcastle en ave con tort\u00edcolis<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aed089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1aed089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Los pollos infectados con el virus de Newcastle viscerotr\u00f3pica neurog\u00e9nica pueden presentar una variedad de s\u00edntomas neurol\u00f3gicos. Aqu\u00ed, el ave muestra tort\u00edcolis, y una torsi\u00f3n lateral de la cabeza y el cuello.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ac22c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10ac22c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eeaa36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3eeaa36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la enfermedad de Newcastle?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b966d61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b966d61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d31381 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d31381\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef878f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ef878f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script async=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script> <!-- Horizontal adaptable -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0266735727524320\" data-ad-slot=\"1842964108\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins> \r\n<script>\r\n\r\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\r\n\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\/*]]>*\/\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2de5b09 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2de5b09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45065d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45065d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-136134f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"136134f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"cc-m-12923013827\" class=\"j-module n j-hgrid \"><div class=\"cc-m-hgrid-column last\"><div id=\"cc-matrix-3684762027\"><div id=\"cc-m-12923014427\" class=\"j-module n j-text \"><div id=\"cc-m-12923353727\" class=\"j-module n j-hgrid \"><div class=\"cc-m-hgrid-column last\"><div id=\"cc-matrix-3684856127\"><div id=\"cc-m-12923356227\" class=\"j-module n j-text \"><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Es una enfermedad v\u00edrica aguda<\/span>, que puede cursar con sintomatolog\u00eda digestiva, respiratoria y\/o nerviosa. La enfermedad afecta a las gallinas a cualquier edad. Debido a su grave incidencia econ\u00f3mica, son muchos los pa\u00edses que han incluido la enfermedad de Newcastle como de declaraci\u00f3n obligatoria.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"cc-m-5769205511\" class=\"j-module n j-text \"><p>As\u00ed, en los pa\u00edses miembros de la Comunidad Econ\u00f3mica Europea es obligatoria su declaraci\u00f3n y, en caso de su aparici\u00f3n, deben tomarse medidas dr\u00e1sticas de sacrificio, inmovilizaci\u00f3n y vacunaci\u00f3n para impedir la propagaci\u00f3n de la misma.<\/p><p>El agente causal de esta enfermedad es un paramixovirus, que es un virus RNA.<\/p><p>El periodo de incubaci\u00f3n de la enfermedad de Newcastle puede variar de dos a once d\u00edas, siendo la media de cinco o seis d\u00edas.<\/p><p>El tiempo de incubaci\u00f3n y gravedad del proceso desciende paulatinamente con la edad y grado de inmunidad, pasiva o activa.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Los s\u00edntomas que pueden presentarse se pueden resumir en cuatro grandes grupos:<\/span><\/p><h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u2014S\u00edntomas generales: <\/span><\/h3><p>Postraci\u00f3n, somnolencia, indiferencia a los est\u00edmulos externos, crestas amoratadas, descenso marcado del consumo de pienso y agua, descenso de la producci\u00f3n de huevos.<\/p><h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u2014S\u00edntomas digestivos: <\/span><\/h3><p>En pocas horas, un efectivo puede presentar deposici\u00f3n l\u00edquida que evoluciona hacia una diarrea profusa, gris\u00e1cea o incluso de color rojizo.<\/p><h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u2014S\u00edntomas respiratorios: <\/span><\/h3><p>Los movimientos respiratorios aumentan, la respiraci\u00f3n se hace dificultosa, teniendo necesidad el animal de abrir la boca para impulsar m\u00e1s aire. Presentan estertores y, avanzado el estado de la enfermedad, aparece flujo nasal.<\/p><h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u2014S\u00edntomas nerviosos: <\/span><\/h3><p>Esta sintomatolog\u00eda es muy caracter\u00edstica de la enfermedad y en algunos casos predomina sobre los antes citados. El ave presenta temblores cr\u00f3nicos y espasmos, par\u00e1lisis de las patas y alas.<\/p><p>Probablemente, las lesiones m\u00e1s importantes se den en el tracto digestivo. En la pared del intestino, sobre todo en la parte posterior del duodeno, yeyuno e \u00edleon, se encuentran hemorragias de color p\u00farpura o rojo oscuro asociadas a necrosis.<\/p><p>En el <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/anatomia-de-la-gallina\/sistema-respiratorio-gallina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aparato respiratorio<\/a><\/strong> aparece, en algunos casos, un exudado catarral o seroso en las partes altas, laringe y tr\u00e1quea, y en las partes anteriores al pulm\u00f3n pueden presentarse formas neum\u00f3nicas.<\/p><p>Al tratarse de una enfermedad v\u00edrica, no hay, por ahora, tratamiento efectivo y lo m\u00e1ximo que se recomienda en casos de aparici\u00f3n en una explotaci\u00f3n es la administraci\u00f3n de antibi\u00f3ticos de amplio espectro para evitar en lo posible los efectos nocivos que puedan ocasionar los g\u00e9rmenes oportunistas que complican el problema principal.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-318308a animated-slow e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"318308a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3fe80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de3fe80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b64cf4 animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b64cf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Newcastle.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Newcastle ave con depresi\u00f3n severa\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTA4NTcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cudHJpLXRyby5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMTlcLzExXC9OZXdjYXN0bGUuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Newcastle-puy642qk904qjeidskzl3zhisfrrl940qp6z4z96y2.jpg\" title=\"Newcastle ave con depresi\u00f3n severa\" alt=\"Newcastle ave con depresi\u00f3n severa\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e87297 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e87297\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333300;\">Newcastle Ave con depresi\u00f3n severa<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fec6a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8fec6a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbca465 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fbca465\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08c8b2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08c8b2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"cc-m-12923013827\" class=\"j-module n j-hgrid \"><div class=\"cc-m-hgrid-column last\"><div id=\"cc-matrix-3684762027\"><div id=\"cc-m-12923014427\" class=\"j-module n j-text \"><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Las clases de vacunas existentes son:<\/span><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014Vivas: <\/span>A base de cepas lentas g\u00e9nicas B1 y La Sota. A base de cepas mesog\u00e9nicas.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014Inactivadas: <\/span>Con hidr\u00f3xido de aluminio con aceites minerales.<\/p><p>Actualmente, se alternan vacunas vivas e inactivadas para conseguir una alta protecci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>El empleo de vacunas vivas a base de cepas lentog\u00e9nicas se realiza en pollitos, ya que se ha demostrado que hace falta un est\u00edmulo algo mayor para iniciar el proceso de formaci\u00f3n de anticuerpos.<\/p><p>Una vez obtenidos en un ave unos t\u00edtulos a base de vacunas vivas, se inoculan las vacunas inactivadas, con lo que se consigue una elevaci\u00f3n y duraci\u00f3n de estos t\u00edtulos en suero, capaces de defender las infecciones de campo del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle.<\/p><p>Las modernas vacunas absorbidas en aceites minerales han supuesto un avance considerable frente a los ant\u00edgenos de vacunas inactivadas y adsorbidas en hidr\u00f3xido de aluminio, ya que los primeros confieren unos t\u00edtulos protectores mucho m\u00e1s duraderos que los segundos, lo que hace posible reducir el n\u00famero de vacunas que se deben administrar para obtener una protecci\u00f3n segura del animal.<\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Las formas de administraci\u00f3n de las vacunas:<\/span><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014Vacunas vivas: <\/span>V\u00eda ocular, v\u00eda oral, v\u00eda intramuscular, v\u00eda aer\u00f3gena, mediante nebulizaci\u00f3n del virus.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vacunas inactivas:<\/span> V\u00eda intramuscular, en pechuga o muslo. V\u00eda subcut\u00e1nea, parte superior del cuello.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cd424a animated-slow e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7cd424a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ee4b39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ee4b39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-118a9ae animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"118a9ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Polla-que-muestra-torticolis.-Enfermedad-de-Newcastle..jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Polla que muestra tort\u00edcolis. Newcastle.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU1NjEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cudHJpLXRyby5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzAyXC9Qb2xsYS1xdWUtbXVlc3RyYS10b3J0aWNvbGlzLi1FbmZlcm1lZGFkLWRlLU5ld2Nhc3RsZS4uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Polla-que-muestra-torticolis.-Enfermedad-de-Newcastle.-puy63g6foz9usrf5gb8jg56gj6uygimgnljbmc6n3e.jpg\" title=\"Polla que muestra tort\u00edcolis. Newcastle.\" alt=\"Polla que muestra tort\u00edcolis. Newcastle.\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539748b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"539748b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333300;\">Polla que muestra tort\u00edcolis. Newcastle.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df96b44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"df96b44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9478dc6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9478dc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc3d929 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"fc3d929\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script async=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script> <!-- Horizontal adaptable -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0266735727524320\" data-ad-slot=\"1842964108\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins> \r\n<script>\r\n\r\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\r\n\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n\/*]]>*\/\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a46851c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a46851c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5ff848 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b5ff848\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167c820 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"167c820\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bibliogr\u00e1fica:<\/p><p>MERCK &amp; CO. (1995). Manual Merck de Veterinaria. Rahway, N. J., EE.\u00a0UU.<\/p><p>BUXAD\u00c9, P. (1987). La gallina ponedora. Ed. Mundiprensa. Madrid.<\/p><p>DORN, P. (1987). Manual de patolog\u00eda aviar. Ed. Acribia. Zaragoza.<\/p><p>HOFSTAD, M. S. (1984). Diseases of Poultry. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.<\/p><p>ZARZUELO, E. (1982). Vadem\u00e9cum de la patolog\u00eda infecciosa de las aves dom\u00e9sticas. Ed. Aedos, Barcelona.<\/p><p>CASTELL\u00d3, F. y CASTELL\u00d3, J. A. (1960). El nuevo arte de criar gallinas. Ed. Aedos, Barcelona.<\/p><p>OROZCO, F. (1989). Razas de gallinas espa\u00f1olas. Ed. Mundiprensa. Madrid.<\/p><p>LACADENA, J. R. (1998). Gen\u00e9tica. Ed. AGESA<\/p><p>PUERTAS, M.J. (1992). Gen\u00e9tica: fundamentos y perspectivas. Ed. Interamericana McGraw-Hill.<\/p><p>SANCHEZ-MONGE, E. (1969), Gen\u00e9tica. Ed. Espasa-Calpe S.A.<\/p><p>OROZCO, F. y ROBLA, F. (1986). Aspectos gen\u00e9ticos del gallo de Le\u00f3n. XXIV Simposio de la WPSA (Secci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola): 199 \u2013 212.<\/p><p>DE LA LOMA, J.L. (1973). Gen\u00e9tica general y aplicada. Ed. UTEHA.<\/p><p>CASTELL\u00d3, J.A., LLEONART, R., CAMPO, J.L., OROZCO, F. (1989). Biolog\u00eda de la gallina. Real Escuela de Avicultura.<\/p><p>LLEONART, F. ROCA, E. CALL\u00cdS, M. GURRI, A. PONTES, M. (1991). Higiene y patolog\u00eda aviares. Real Escuela de Avicultura.<\/p><p>STURKIE, P.D. (1968). Fisiolog\u00eda aviar Ed. Acribia. Zaragoza.<\/p><p>LOHMANN ANIMAL HEALTH (2012)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73082fa5 animated-slow e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"73082fa5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4268c04f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4268c04f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2092b211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2092b211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Os pueden interesar estos otros apartados<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14a1a01c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"14a1a01c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15594b51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15594b51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7946090a animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7946090a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/ancestros-de-la-avicultura-espanola\/nicolas-casas-de-mendoza\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Nicolas-Casas-de-Mendoza-puy63y1adkxl9sctrsjg51g76cv6utdbehaqpfmp56.jpg\" title=\"Nicolas Casas de Mendoza\" alt=\"Nicolas Casas de Mendoza\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f44f14b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f44f14b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cr\u00eda lucrativa de gallinas Nicol\u00e1s Casas de Mendoza<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56d7f24c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56d7f24c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26031e97 animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26031e97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/origen-del-gallo-castellano-negro\/gallus-lafayettii\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/\u00a9-Rajneesh-Suvarna-Cabeza-Sinharaja-Forest-Reserve-Sri-Lanka-31-Octubre-2010-ok-puy63yz4keyvlebgmay2pj7nrqqk2ih1qly86playy.jpg\" title=\"Gallo Lafayetii \u00a9 Rajneesh Suvarna, Cabeza, Sri Lanka, India. 31 Octubre 2010.\" alt=\"Gallo Lafayetii \u00a9 Rajneesh Suvarna, Cabeza, Sri Lanka, India. 31 Octubre 2010.\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4569b19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4569b19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Gallus lafayettii: origen y caracter\u00edsticas del gallo de Ceil\u00e1n<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d71104 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63d71104\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ad4bc06 animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3ad4bc06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/ancestros-de-la-avicultura-espanola\/fray-miguel-agustin\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tri-tro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Fray-Miguel-Agustin-puy642qhbr40vu600ckkzi9i5a80xavz34k63tfqa2.jpg\" title=\"Fray Miguel Agust\u00edn\" alt=\"Fray Miguel Agust\u00edn\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fd0495d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fd0495d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">La vida y obra de Fray Miguel Agust\u00edn<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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V\u00edricas: Newcastle en ave con tort\u00edcolis Los pollos infectados con el virus de Newcastle viscerotr\u00f3pica neurog\u00e9nica pueden presentar una variedad de s\u00edntomas neurol\u00f3gicos. Aqu\u00ed, el ave muestra tort\u00edcolis, y una torsi\u00f3n lateral de la cabeza y el cuello. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la enfermedad de Newcastle? 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