Parasitic diseases
This fly (Muscina stabulans), more commonly known as the false stable fly, is larger than the housefly, measuring about 8 millimeters in length and very robust. They are rarely found in cities. The distribution of the Muscina species, for the most part, Muscina stabulans it is active throughout the year.
However, fly activity tends to peak during the summer months, when the number of new generations is high.
The habitat of the M. stabulans It is similar to that of the housefly, found in animal housing such as chicken coops or poultry barns, as well as on the mucous membrane lining the intestines of mammals.
M. stabulans can be found in the carrion on the stages of decomposition, but have a strong preference for the later stages of decomposition.
The antennae of the stable fly can detect buried bodies. In such cases, the fly lays its eggs on the surface of the soil, and when the larvae hatch, they are able to reach a body buried just below the surface—several centimeters beneath the layer of dirt—and then invade the body.
Muscina is a genus of flies belonging to the family Muscidae; it currently comprises 27 species.
The most common species are M. stabulans, M. levida and M. prolapsa.
They typically breed in manure and defecate in their food, which has been linked to the spread of certain diseases, such as polio.
Features:
The legs of the false fly stables are part of red-gold or cinnamon. A species very close to her, Muscina assimilis (Fallén), Muscina levida (Harris), can also be found within and around the premises of intensive animal production, but is distinguished by the color of their legs, entirely black.
The thorax is gray and has four longitudinal stripes, and the posterior tip of the scutellum (the posterior dorsal lobe of the thorax) is pale yellow.
The abdomen is gray and black, with the appearance of being spotted.
Its head ranges in color from dark gray to a whitish hue; this fly has spiracles (circular plates) that are spaced apart by approximately the width of the plates in the posterior region.
The false stable fly does not suck blood and has sponging-sucking mouthparts; these are characterized by a retractable proboscis and a pale tip on the scutellum, like those of the common housefly, with black palpi; in contrast, the M. pascuorum tiene red antennae and is larger than the M. stabulans and M. levida.
M. stabulans it sometimes presents quite abundant in the facilities of intensive animal production, especially in the poultry farms, where breeding in the manure accumulated. However, on the whole, is rarely as abundant as other flies related.
On the wings, the fourth longitudinal vein (M1+2) does not curve and converges only slightly toward the vein preceding it; this arrangement is similar to that observed in the stable fly and quite different from that of the housefly, which has an abruptly broken vein (Figure 16 D).
The eggs of the false fly stables are white, similar to the housefly, and deposited in small batches.
The fly-adult female can lay up to 250 eggs, the adult female keeps the eggs inside the abdomen until it is formed, are then deposited through an ovipositor located at the posterior end of the abdomen.
These eggs are very small. Adult females tend to choose the decaying matter to lay eggs. These areas are rich in nutrients are ideal for the growth and development of the larvae and hatching. The flies do not have wings in the beginning of the development.
False Muscina stabulans larva
The larvae of Muscina stabulans attack and devour other fly larvae, including those of the housefly common. However, this predation is limited, and although the few experimental results available are conflicting, it does not seem to represent an important factor in the control of houseflies or other species of flies that breed in the facilities of animal production.
Unlike adult flies, the larvae do not have a distinct head. Instead, they have two grasping hooks that they use to cut and tear food. Muscina larvae have 11 segments.
At the posterior end of the larvae is a cluster of spiracles. The spiracles of Muscina have spiracle slits that are not in a straight line and exhibit some degree of curvature. The larvae use the spiracles to breathe.
The spiracle has a number of grooves that can be used to determine which instar, or larval stage, the larva is in; for example, one groove indicates the first instar, two grooves indicate the second instar, and three grooves indicate the third instar. It has been shown that ambient temperature has a strong influence on larval development.
The increase of the temperature directly influences the amount of time that the larvae are needed to complete the development. The larval development is slower than in the housefly and the biological cycle complete (egg to adult) in conditions of summer in temperate regions it requires about 2 weeks. Estas moscas generalmente viven en los corrales o galpones.
The Pupa: Afterward After the larval stage, Muscina larvae go through a pupal stage. During this stage, many changes occur, such as the formation of legs, a head, and wings.
At the same time, a protective layer accumulates and forms a cocoon, that it helps the protection of the vital organs of the fly. M. levida it is a species of this genus which does not form a cocoon.
The duration of the phase of pupal also varies depending on the temperature of the surrounding environment.
Adults, after a time sufficient to cause pupal development, the fly will be able to get out of his hard shell of the pupa, and the wings begin to spread.
Although formed completely in the pupal stage, the wings of the adults do not reach their full size until they are out of the cover of the pupa.
Through the use of the blood vessels within the wings, the fly is able to expand to the full width and length and complete their life cycle.
Muscina stabulans
Literature review:
MERCK & CO. (1995). Manual Merck de Veterinaria . Rahway, N. J., EE. UU.
BUXADÉ, P. (1987). The laying hen. Ed. Mundiprensa. Madrid.
DORN, P. (1987). Manual of avian pathology. Ed. Acribia. Zaragoza.
HOFSTAD, M. S. (1984). Diseases of Poultry. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
MAURER, VERONIKA. Contrôle des mouches des étables. Service romand de vulgarisation agricole (Agridea, Lausanne), CFPPA Montmorot et FiBL (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland).
LOFTIN, KELLYet al. Fly control for Organic Dairies. Cooperative Extension Service. Division of agriculture. The University of Arkansas.
D ASSIS FONSECA, E. C. M. (1968) Diptera: Muscidae. Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook
ROZKOSNY, R, GREGOR. F., & Pont, BC (1997) The European Fanniidae (Diptera). Brno: Institute of Landscape Ecology. Séguy, E. (1923)
DIPTÉRES:Anthomyides. Paris: Éditions Faune de France
ZARZUELO, E. (1982). Vade mecum of the pathology, infectious poultry . Ed. Aedos, Barcelona.
CASTELLÓ, F and CASTELLÓ, J. A. (1960). The new art of raising chickens. Ed. Aedos, Barcelona.
OROZCO, F. (1989). Breeds of chickens Spanish. Ed. Mundiprensa. Madrid.
LACADENA, J. R. (1998). Genetics. Ed. AGESA
GATES, M. J. (1992). Genetics, fundamentals and perspectives. Ed. Interamericana McGraw – Hill.
SANCHEZ-MONGE, E. (1969), Genetics. Ed. Espasa – calpe SA
OROZCO, F, and ROBLA, F. (1986). Genetic aspects of the cock of a Lion. XXIV Symposium of the WPSA (Spanish Section): 199 – 212.
HILL, J. L. (1973). Genetics, general and applied . Ed. UTEHA.
CASTELLÓ, J. A., LLEONART, R., FIELD, J. L., OROZCO, F. (1989). Biology of the chicken. Real Escuela de Avicultura.
LLEONART, F., ROCA, E. CALLÍS, M. GURRI, A. PONTES, M. (1991). Hygiene and pathology avian . Real escuela de avicultura.
STURKIE, NB (1968). Physiology Of Avian. Ed. Acribia. Zaragoza.
LOHMANN ANIMAL HEAFTH (2012)
You may be interested in these other sections